Italian Hall Memorial in Calumet, Michigan

To say that early 20th-century American labor relations were tumultuous is an understatement. During this era, newly unionized workers united to protest low wages, child labor, and the mechanization of work. A constellation of strikes exploded across the nation from Seattle to New York City and even in small towns like Calumet, Michigan. Calumet, now seven times smaller than its population in 1910, was once the capital of the burgeoning Copper Country, a region in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula that at the time produced more copper than anywhere else in the…

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