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Suborbital space tourism finally arrives | FCC prepares to run public C-band auction | The big four in the U.S. launch industry — United Launch Alliance, SpaceX, Blue Origin and Northrop Grumman — hope to be one of two providers that will receive five-year contracts later this year to launch national security payloads starting in 2022. | China’s launch rate stays high | The International Space Station is the largest ever crewed object in space.

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Summer research offers a springboard to advanced...

August 16, 2023

Doctoral studies at MIT aren’t a calling for everyone, but they can be for anyone who has had opportunities to discover that science and technology research is their passion and to build the experience and skills to succeed. For Taylor Baum, Josefina Correa Menéndez, and Karla Alejandra Montejo, three graduate students in just one lab of The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, a pivotal opportunity came via the MIT Summer Research Program in Biology and Neuroscience (MSRP-Bio). When...

Simple superconducting device could dramatically cut energy...

August 15, 2023

MIT scientists and their colleagues have created a simple superconducting device that could transfer current through electronic devices much more efficiently than is possible today. As a result, the new diode, a kind of switch, could dramatically cut the amount of energy used in high-power computing systems, a major problem that is estimated to become much worse. Even though it is in the early stages of development, the diode is more than twice as efficient as similar ones reported...

A snapshot of cancer vaccine development

August 15, 2023

The road to effective cancer vaccines has been long and difficult. Although initial attempts to use a vaccine to treat cancer date back to the 1910s, the first effective therapeutic vaccine would not emerge until about a century later, when Sipuleucel-T was used to treat prostate cancer in 2010. While the FDA-approved prostate cancer vaccine generated much excitement, its success has proven difficult to replicate. T-VEC, used to treat metastatic melanoma, is the only other cancer therapeutic vaccine approved...

AI models are powerful, but are they...

August 15, 2023

Artificial neural networks, ubiquitous machine-learning models that can be trained to complete many tasks, are so called because their architecture is inspired by the way biological neurons process information in the human brain. About six years ago, scientists discovered a new type of more powerful neural network model known as a transformer. These models can achieve unprecedented performance, such as by generating text from prompts with near-human-like accuracy. A transformer underlies AI systems such as ChatGPT and Bard, for...

When rumors take flight

August 15, 2023

Misinformation pervades U.S. politics. The outcome of the 2020 presidential election is perhaps the most pressing case in point. Every serious-minded academic and legal inquiry into the subject — including two cases that came before the U.S. Supreme Court — has rejected former President Donald Trump’s assertion that he did not lose the election. Major media organizations now routinely label these statements “lies.” Yet Trump’s unfounded claims have gained wide traction among his followers. “The evidence against claims that...

Invisible tagging system enhances 3D object tracking

August 15, 2023

Stop me if you’ve seen this before: a black and white pixelated square in lieu of a physical menu at a restaurant. QR codes are seemingly ubiquitous in everyday life. Whether you see one on a coupon at the grocery store, a flyer on a bulletin board, or the wall at a museum exhibit, each code contains embedded data. Unfortunately, QR codes in physical spaces are sometimes replaced or tampered with to trick you into giving away your data...

Professor Emeritus Sanjoy Mitter, expert in the...

August 11, 2023

MIT Professor Emeritus (post-tenure) Sanjoy Mitter, a member of the MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, died June 26 at age 89. An expert in the theoretical foundations of systems, communication and control, Mitter contributed to significant engineering applications, most notably in the control of interconnected power systems and pattern recognition. Sanjoy Mitter was born in 1933 in Calcutta, India, to a prominent family with a distinguished line of jurists. His paternal grandfather, Sir Binod Mitter, was...

Communicating across time

August 11, 2023

Since the invention of the telegraph, humans have been able to communicate across great distances in real-time. Today, we can choose among myriad technologies — radio, telephone, video conference platforms — to connect with colleagues and loved ones in different time zones, countries, and continents. These technologies create a telepresence — a sense of nearness between living beings separated only by space. “The purpose of telepresence is to connect people who are alive,” says Hiroshi Ishii, the Jerome B....

A welcome new pipeline for students invested...

August 11, 2023

Akarsh Aurora aspired “to be around people who are actually making the global energy transition happen,” he says. Sam Packman sought to “align his theoretical and computational interests to a clean energy project” with tangible impacts. Lauryn Kortman says she “really liked the idea of an in-depth research experience focused on an amazing energy source.” These three MIT students found what they wanted in the Fusion Undergraduate Scholars (FUSars) program launched by the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center...

3 Questions: Boosting concrete’s ability to serve...

August 10, 2023

Damian Stefaniuk is a postdoc at the MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub (CSHub). He works with MIT professors Franz-Josef Ulm and Admir Masic of the MIT Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) to investigate multifunctional concrete. Here, he provides an overview of carbonation in cement-based products, a brief explanation of why understanding carbonation in the life cycle of cement products is key for assessing their environmental impact, and an update on current research to bolster the process. Q: What...

Thomas Coveney, Center for Transportation and Logistics...

August 10, 2023

Thomas G. Coveney, a dedicated systems administrator at the MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics (CTL), died on July 14 after a lengthy battle with cancer. He was 55 years old. “Tom was an exceptional systems administrator whose dedication and loyalty to CTL were unparalleled. His loss is a profound one, and we will miss him greatly,” says Yossi Sheffi, director of CTL and the Elisha Gray II Professor of Engineering Systems. Coveney joined MIT in 2000 as a...

MIT Press’s Direct to Open (D2O) opens...

August 9, 2023

Thanks to the support of libraries participating in Direct to Open (D2O), the MIT Press will publish its full list of 2023 scholarly monographs and edited collections open access. Launched in 2021, D2O from the MIT Press is a sustainable framework that harnesses the collective power of libraries to support open and equitable access to vital, leading scholarship. D2O moves scholarly books from a solely market-based, purchase model, where individuals and libraries buy single e-books, to a collaborative open-access model,...

Freeman Hrabowski encourages students to “hold fast...

August 9, 2023

A group of more than 50 individuals recently had the pleasure of sitting down for an informal chat at MIT with distinguished educator, author, and mathematician Freeman Hrabowski. The group was predominantly composed of MIT Summer Research Program in Biology (MSRP-Bio) students and alumni and current students from the Meyerhoff Scholars Program and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Hrabowski is widely credited for transforming UMBC into a world-renowned, innovative institution while serving as its president from 1992 to...

A voyage through history

August 8, 2023

In the 1550s, a series of English sailing expeditions went searching for a supposed “Northeast Passage” to China, which they hoped to locate near the top of Europe. No one found it — but English sailors did figure out how to routinely reach Russia. The subsequent founding of the Muscovy Company, the first joint stock trading company, provided a model for many similarly-structured later enterprises. “England opened and sustained a direct trade with Muscovy,” says MIT professor Mary Fuller....

The curse of variety in transportation systems

August 7, 2023

Cathy Wu has always delighted in systems that run smoothly. In high school, she designed a project to optimize the best route for getting to class on time. Her research interests and career track are evidence of a propensity for organizing and optimizing, coupled with a strong sense of responsibility to contribute to society instilled by her parents at a young age. As an undergraduate at MIT, Wu explored domains like agriculture, energy, and education, eventually homing in on...

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