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Suborbital space tourism finally arrives | FCC prepares to run public C-band auction | The big four in the U.S. launch industry — United Launch Alliance, SpaceX, Blue Origin and Northrop Grumman — hope to be one of two providers that will receive five-year contracts later this year to launch national security payloads starting in 2022. | China’s launch rate stays high | The International Space Station is the largest ever crewed object in space.

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A focused approach to imaging neural activity...

June 26, 2020

When neurons fire an electrical impulse, they also experience a surge of calcium ions. By measuring those surges, researchers can indirectly monitor neuron activity, helping them to study the role of individual neurons in many different brain functions. One drawback to this technique is the crosstalk generated by the axons and dendrites that extend from neighboring neurons, which makes it harder to get a distinctive signal from the neuron being studied. MIT engineers have now developed a way to...

Improving global health equity by helping clinics...

June 26, 2020

More children are being vaccinated around the world today than ever before, and the prevalence of many vaccine-preventable diseases has dropped over the last decade. Despite these encouraging signs, however, the availability of essential vaccines has stagnated globally in recent years, according the World Health Organization. One problem, particularly in low-resource settings, is the difficulty of predicting how many children will show up for vaccinations at each health clinic. This leads to vaccine shortages, leaving children without critical immunizations,...

Lincoln Lab transfers integrated circuit process to...

June 25, 2020

High levels of radiation, such as those occurring naturally in space and at high altitudes on Earth, can wreak havoc on electronics. MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory has developed a unique process for making integrated circuits resistant to damage and malfunction caused by extreme radiation levels. This fabrication capability — the 90-nanometer fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process — is now being transferred to microchip manufacturer SkyWater Technology, which will use it to produce radiation-hardened, or rad-hard, electronics. “Our...

Michael Hawley, former professor of media arts...

June 25, 2020

Michael Hawley, a former MIT professor who was recognized globally as a modern-day Renaissance man, died on Wednesday, June 24, at his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts, after battling a long illness. He was 58. Hawley will be remembered for his extraordinary breadth of interests and talents, which spanned the fields of human-computer interfaces and sensing, musical performance and audio signal processing, digital cinema and libraries, documentary photography, exploration, and entrepreneurship. He will also be remembered as a deeply dedicated...

MIT Arab SciTech Virtual IDEAthon rethinks learning...

June 25, 2020

This spring, the MIT Arab Student Organization hosted a virtual IDEAthon with the theme “Learn from Home: Rethinking Learning during the Covid-19 Crisis.” The IDEAthon was the first step to tackle the challenges facing more than 200 million students in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region who had their education disrupted due the current global pandemic. The goal of the IDEAthon is to develop a large quantity of high-impact ideas that can improve current educational outcomes in...

Identifying a melody by studying a musician’s...

June 25, 2020

We listen to music with our ears, but also our eyes, watching with appreciation as the pianist’s fingers fly over the keys and the violinist’s bow rocks across the ridge of strings. When the ear fails to tell two instruments apart, the eye often pitches in by matching each musician’s movements to the beat of each part. A new artificial intelligence tool developed by the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab leverages the virtual eyes and ears of a computer to separate similar...

When culture clashes with Covid-19

June 25, 2020

In China, wearing masks during an epidemic is a readily accepted practice — unlike the situation in, say, the United States or some European countries, where the issue of mask-wearing is revealing civic and political fault lines. To what extent are these differences attributable to the “culture” of each country? And how much have widespread social norms affected the responses of different countries during the Covid-19 pandemic? Those were among the leading questions driving an MIT public forum on...

Helping consumers in a crisis

June 25, 2020

A new study shows that the central bank tool known as quantitative easing helped consumers substantially during the last big economic downturn — a finding with clear relevance for today’s pandemic-hit economy. More specifically, the study finds that one particular form of quantitative easing — in which the U.S. Federal Reserve purchased massive amounts of mortgage-backed securities — drove down mortgage interest rates, allowed consumers to refinance their house loans and spend more on everyday items, and in turn...

IdeaStream 2020 goes virtual

June 24, 2020

MIT’s Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation hosted IdeaStream, an annual showcase of technologies being developed across MIT, online for the first time in the event’s 18-year history. Last month, more than 500 people worldwide tuned in each day to view the breakthrough research and to chat with the researchers. Speakers from 19 MIT teams that received Deshpande grants presented their work, from learned control of manufacturing processes by Professor Brian Anthony, to what Hyunwoo Yuk of the Xuanhe Zhao...

Darien Williams: Chronicling Black resilience to disaster

June 24, 2020

“It’s such a weird sort of whiplash,” Darien Alexander Williams says, about how he has felt these past weeks. “It’s been very strange to go from this quarantine life, to crowds of thousands of people, to inhaling tear gas, to writing emails and answering Doodle Polls and finishing up a paper. And then going back out the next night.” The third-year PhD student in the MIT Department of Urban Studies had just been formulating a dissertation topic chronicling the...

Podcast transcript: Darien Alexander Williams

June 24, 2020

The following podcast and transcript features Darien Alexander Williams, a PhD student in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at MIT. Darien Williams: I think, similar to previous moments, all of the ingredients for a transformational change are here. They’ve always been here, but it’s increasingly clear to people at this moment, and so whether this moment is different than sort of really high-tension racial violence, trauma, political kinds of moments in the past, I think remains to...

Design in a major key

June 23, 2020

Annie Zhang ’20 was nearing the end of an eight-month co-op at Apple in 2018 when she checked her email inbox. An MIT faculty member had just written to say the Department of Architecture would offer students a chance to major in design in the fall. “As soon as I saw it, I said I’m doing that,” says Zhang, at the time a second-semester junior majoring in mechanical engineering with a minor in design. Back on campus, Zhang declared...

Researchers find solar photovoltaics benefits outweigh costs

June 23, 2020

Over the past decade, the cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays has fallen rapidly. But at the same time, the value of PV power has declined in areas that have installed significant PV generating capacity. Operators of utility-scale PV systems have seen electricity prices drop as more PV generators come online. Over the same time period, many coal-fired power plants were required to install emissions-control systems, resulting in declines in air pollution nationally and regionally. The result has been improved...

Like a treasure map, brain region emphasizes...

June 23, 2020

We are free to wander, but usually when we go somewhere it’s for a reason. In a new study, researchers at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at MIT show that as we pursue life’s prizes, a region of the brain tracks our location with an especially strong predilection for the location of the reward. This pragmatic bias of the lateral septum (LS) suggests it’s a linchpin in formulating goal-directed behavior. “It appears that the lateral septum is,...

Super-strong surgical tape detaches on demand

June 22, 2020

Last year, MIT engineers developed a double-sided adhesive that could quickly and firmly stick to wet surfaces such as biological tissues. They showed that the tape could be used to seal up rips and tears in lungs and intestines within seconds, or to affix implants and other medical devices to the surfaces of organs such as the heart. Now they have further developed their adhesive so that it can be detached from the underlying tissue without causing any damage. By applying...

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