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Suborbital space tourism finally arrives | FCC prepares to run public C-band auction | The big four in the U.S. launch industry — United Launch Alliance, SpaceX, Blue Origin and Northrop Grumman — hope to be one of two providers that will receive five-year contracts later this year to launch national security payloads starting in 2022. | China’s launch rate stays high | The International Space Station is the largest ever crewed object in space.

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Neural pathway crucial to successful rapid object...

October 20, 2020

MIT researchers have identified a brain pathway critical in enabling primates to effortlessly identify objects in their field of vision. The findings enrich existing models of the neural circuitry involved in visual perception and help to further unravel the computational code for solving object recognition in the primate brain. Led by Kohitij Kar, a postdoc at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, the study looked at an area called the ventrolateral prefrontal...

Eight Lincoln Laboratory technologies named 2020 R&D...

October 20, 2020

Eight technologies developed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory researchers, either wholly or in collaboration with researchers from other organizations, were among the winners of the 2020 R&D 100 Awards. Annually since 1963, these international R&D awards recognize 100 technologies that a panel of expert judges selects as the most revolutionary of the past year. Six of the laboratory’s winning technologies are software systems, a number of which take advantage of artificial intelligence techniques. The software technologies are solutions to difficulties...

Learning by doing, remotely

October 19, 2020

Experiential learning is alive and well at MIT — even when it’s remote. Just ask Julian Zulueta, a sophomore in biological engineering. Last May, he spotted an intriguing social impact internship opportunity in the PKG Public Service Center newsletter: The CDC Foundation, a Congressionally-chartered nonprofit created to support the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), was seeking remote students to assist with the Covid-19 response. He applied — one of 60 candidates for two spots — and got...

More than a meal

October 19, 2020

According to the 2019 NOAA Report on the U.S. Ocean and Great Lakes Economy, Massachusetts is the largest single contributor to the Northeast Blue Economy, accounting for over one-third of the region’s ocean employment and gross domestic product. Challenges caused by Covid-19 have had damaging effects on the seafood industry and far-reaching impacts on the coastal communities that Sea Grant serves. In April, the National Sea Grant Office mobilized funding to support program responses to these challenges. With closed...

A global collaboration to move artificial intelligence...

October 19, 2020

Today, artificial intelligence — and the computing systems that underlie it — are more than just matters of technology; they are matters of state and society, of governance and the public interest. The choices that technologists, policymakers, and communities make in the next few years will shape the relationship between machines and humans for decades to come. The rapidly increasing applicability of AI has prompted a number of organizations to develop high-level principles on social and ethical issues such as...

What are the odds your vote will...

October 19, 2020

This is part 2 of a two-part MIT News series on voting research and the 2020 election. Part 1 focuses on shifts in post-Election Day vote tallies. In elections, every vote counts. Or should count. But a new study by an MIT professor indicates that in the 2016 U.S. general election, 4 percent of all mail-in ballots were not counted — about 1.4 million votes, or 1 percent of all votes cast, signaling a significant problem that could grow...

A controllable membrane to pull carbon dioxide...

October 16, 2020

A new system developed by chemical engineers at MIT could provide a way of continuously removing carbon dioxide from a stream of waste gases, or even from the air. The key component is an electrochemically assisted membrane whose permeability to gas can be switched on and off at will, using no moving parts and relatively little energy. The membranes themselves, made of anodized aluminum oxide, have a honeycomb-like structure made up of hexagonal openings that allow gas molecules to...

3 questions: Ariel White on voter rights...

October 16, 2020

Ariel White is the Silverman (1968) Family Career Development Associate Professor of Political Science at MIT, where she researches voting and voting rights, race, the criminal legal system, and bureaucratic behavior. White uses large datasets (and sometimes experiments) to measure individual experiences and to shed light on people’s everyday interactions with government. Her research has appeared in the American Political Science Review, Science, Political Behavior, and other journals. As we approach Election Day in the United States, SHASS Communications...

MIT community unites for Beirut explosion relief...

October 16, 2020

On Aug. 4, the third-largest non-nuclear blast the world has ever seen shook the city of Beirut, Lebanon. The city’s core was wiped out. Beirut was in shambles, leaving 300,000 people homeless in a city that was already struggling economically, politically, and socially — all during a global pandemic. Thousands of injured people flooded Beirut’s hospitals. Adil, a Lebanese student who was in Boston during the blast, recalled his initial response to the news, “calling my parents to check...

Designing off-grid refrigeration technologies for crop storage...

October 16, 2020

For smallholder farmers living in hot and arid regions, getting fresh crops to market and selling them at the best price is a balancing act. If crops aren’t sold early enough, they wilt or ripen too quickly in the heat, and farmers have to sell them at reduced prices. Selling produce in the morning is a strategy many farmers use to beat the heat and ensure freshness, but that results in oversupply and competition at markets and further reduces...

MIT Full STEAM Ahead offers scalable, hands-on...

October 15, 2020

When we picture hands-on learning, usually a computer screen is nowhere in sight. But for the team behind MIT Full STEAM Ahead, “hands-on remote learning” may become the great new frontier for delivering quality K-12 online learning at scale. Full STEAM Ahead began as an online resource hub to provide robust curated content to K-12 students, teachers, and parents during the first surge of the Covid-19 pandemic, when schools around the world started to shut down in rapid succession....

3 Questions: Daron Acemoglu on the US...

October 15, 2020

As part of the MIT Task Force on the Work of the Future’s new series of subject-specific research briefs by MIT faculty, Institute Professor Daron Acemoglu teamed with economics PhD student Andrea Manera and Boston University Assistant Professor Pascual Restrepo to examine the different forms of automation and examine how the U.S. tax system has led to excessive reliance on machines. In their brief, “Taxes, Automation, and the Future of Labor,” Acemoglu and co-authors explain how the tax system evolved...

Fujikura joins MIT.nano Consortium

October 15, 2020

MIT.nano has announced that Fujikura, a company that develops and manufactures technologies for telecommunications, electronics, energy, and automotive products, has joined the MIT.nano Consortium. The Tokyo-based company has manufactured wires and cables — “Tsunagu,” or connecting, technologies — since its founding in 1885. With this expertise developed over 130 years as a foundation, Fujikura’s current research and development efforts focus on applications for optical fibers, broadband wireless transmission, superconducting wires, electric vehicles, and other advanced technologies. “For more than...

How many votes will be counted after...

October 15, 2020

This is part 1 of a two-part MIT News series on voting research and the 2020 election. When you watch election returns on Nov. 3, keep this in mind: In some U.S. states, it will take days to count all the ballots, and the winner might only be clear later, rather than sooner. Four straight U.S. presidential elections have featured a “blue shift,” in which the post-Election Day ballot count helped the Democratic Party candidate gain ground on the...

Statistical model improves analysis of skin conductance

October 14, 2020

Electrodermal activity (EDA) — the sweat-induced fluctuations of skin conductance made famous in TV dramatizations of lie-detector tests — can be a truly strong indicator of subconscious, or “sympathetic,” nervous system activity for all kinds of purposes, but only if it is analyzed optimally. In a new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, an MIT-based team of scientists provides a new, fast, and accurate statistical model for analyzing EDA. “Only so much of EDA is...

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