If volcanos are anything, they are surprising. In 2018 Hawai’i’s Kilauea volcano, one of the world’s most active, suddenly and unexpectedly shifted gears. Crevices in the earth appeared throughout residential neighborhoods in the Puna district in the southeast corner of the Big Island and over the course of days, lava emerged from the magma chambers below and consumed hundreds of homes as it flowed downhill in many directions. While it was traumatic for residents, who had little warning to rescue their possessions before they were burned and buried below the…
