In Early Modern Russia, Witches Were Men and Belief in Magic Was Universal

This story was originally published on The Conversation and appears here under a Creative Commons license. The word “witches” makes many Americans think of women working in league with the devil. But that hasn’t always been the face of sorcery. Most of Catholic and Protestant Europe embraced the idea of magic as a satanic craft practiced by women, and strong, independent women were kept in line through such accusations. In Orthodox Russia, however, accusers overwhelmingly blamed men for bewitching them and held different ideas of where the power of “magic”…

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